Sohail Inayatullah, Satya Tanner, Jose Ramos, and Kiran Ahmed

While there is considerable commentary on the current politics in Afghanistan, this short piece focuses on alternative futures. The futures presented are not radical, rather they take a macro historical structural view understanding the conservative nature of Afghanistan. There is certainly the danger of reification in this approach but by using different lenses we hope that we allowed agency in this formulation. As others we have been stunned by the speed of the Taliban victory. We despair at the loss of women's rights. We despair that Afghanis have been attacked by outsiders in this iteration since the Soviet invasion in 1979.

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 Hossein Seifzadeh (Ph.D.)

Introduction
This article starts with the following two questions: 1) how to overcome multi-dimensional challenges in Iranian’s transitional politics as a pre-requite? and 2) how to creatively end up with a practical solution to be meaningful to all Iranians?

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By CARTER MALKASIAN
07/06/2021 04:30 AM EDT

That the war went on so long may be tragic, but it is hardly surprising

Carter Malkasian is the author of The American War in Afghanistan: A History. He served as a civilian advisor in Iraq and Afghanistan and was the senior advisor to General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, from 2015 to 2019.

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Mehdi Noorbaksh
Professor of International Affairs and Business
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
Vice President, World Affair Council, Harrisburg

The Middle East as a region has remained unstable because of at least two specific reasons. Middle Eastern states are driven toward militarization, and at the same time, most of the region's countries have authoritarian governments, and their political systems are unaccountable to the public. With the assumption that regimes pursue militarism in the Middle East, then Realism as a school in international relations and its branch, foreign policy, can offer a framework for analysis if the assumption is based on the state as a unitary actor, pursuing or advancing its interests in a world considered anarchic. Second, one of the off-shoots of Realism, Neorealism, which Stephen Walt mainly advocates, in the book, The Origines of Alliances, adds domestic considerations to the power structure existing at the international level and argues that the combination of the two encourages regional alliance building among nations.

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Dr. Akram Salehi*

Introduction:
Over four last decades, Iran and the United States have been dealing with deep conflicts and hostilities. That's why the two countries have repeatedly gone to the brink of military Confrontation.

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Mehdi Motaharnia

PhD in Socio-Cultural Futurology and Technology from Imam Khomeini International University

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Amir Hooshang Mirkooshesh

PhD in International Relations and Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University of Iran, Semnan, Shahroud Branch

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Abstract
Geographical location is a defined position that determines how a point is located on the planet. This geographical location plays an important role in the destiny of a country and its people. In this way, specialized concepts in this field are constructed. The geopolitical code refers to the geographical effect of a country on regional order and the international system. In other words, based on the geopolitical genome of any country which determines the political genetic map that influences that country's political behaviors and actions; it is called "geopolitical code".

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