By CARTER MALKASIAN
07/06/2021 04:30 AM EDT
That the war went on so long may be tragic, but it is hardly surprising
Carter Malkasian is the author of The American War in Afghanistan: A History. He served as a civilian advisor in Iraq and Afghanistan and was the senior advisor to General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, from 2015 to 2019.
Dr. Akram Salehi*
Introduction:
Over four last decades, Iran and the United States have been dealing with deep conflicts and hostilities. That's why the two countries have repeatedly gone to the brink of military Confrontation.
Hossein Seifzadeh (Ph.D.)
Introduction
This article starts with the following two questions: 1) how to overcome multi-dimensional challenges in Iranian’s transitional politics as a pre-requite? and 2) how to creatively end up with a practical solution to be meaningful to all Iranians?
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Mehdi Noorbaksh
Professor of International Affairs and Business
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
Vice President, World Affair Council, Harrisburg
The Middle East as a region has remained unstable because of at least two specific reasons. Middle Eastern states are driven toward militarization, and at the same time, most of the region's countries have authoritarian governments, and their political systems are unaccountable to the public. With the assumption that regimes pursue militarism in the Middle East, then Realism as a school in international relations and its branch, foreign policy, can offer a framework for analysis if the assumption is based on the state as a unitary actor, pursuing or advancing its interests in a world considered anarchic. Second, one of the off-shoots of Realism, Neorealism, which Stephen Walt mainly advocates, in the book, The Origines of Alliances, adds domestic considerations to the power structure existing at the international level and argues that the combination of the two encourages regional alliance building among nations.
